<International Circulation>:  Surgical repair strategies for sinus venosus and primum ASDs have been updated recently. Can you share with us any data relevant to the new strategies and new studies?

   Dr Uemura: These defects are repaired in stable patients and with successful results， so they are not reported very much. We can find a couple of reports since 2000 in major surgical journals， but the number of publications is not large. This is probably an area that needs re-attention. We know what the pitfalls are and need to share them amongst our colleagues even in these relatively straight-forward procedures.